Petroleum Barrel Volume
Convert petroleum barrels, U.S. liquid gallons, liters and cubic meters. The barrel is explicitly 42 U.S. liquid gallons, with no temperature correction.
Use petroleum barrel volume →CALCULATORS BY INDUSTRY
Chemical processing calculators
Explore flow, concentration, mixing, heat and material-balance arithmetic.
32 free tools. No signup. Methods, examples and source links on every page.
Water Flow Unit Conversion
Convert a steady volumetric flow between liters per minute, liters per second, cubic meters per hour and U.S. gallons per minute.
Use water flow unit conversion →Liquid Mass & Volume
Estimate liquid mass from volume, or volume from mass, using your entered density. See liters, cubic meters, kilograms, tonnes and pounds together.
Use liquid mass & volume →Flow-Weighted Concentration
Calculate a nonreactive combined concentration from up to three matched stream flows and constituent concentrations. See each stream’s contribution to the total mass rate.
Use flow-weighted concentration →Hydraulic Retention Time
Calculate nominal hydraulic retention time from working liquid volume and representative throughflow. Keep the ideal ratio separate from real mixing or treatment performance.
Use hydraulic retention time →Wastewater Mass Loading
Estimate a daily constituent mass rate from representative liquid flow and mg/L concentration. Extend the same constant conditions over an entered period.
Use wastewater mass loading →Pipe Flow Velocity
Calculate pipe velocity from flow rate and actual internal diameter. Enter L/s, L/min, m³/h or U.S. gpm with mm or inches, and see mean velocity in m/s and ft/s.
Use pipe flow velocity →Sensible Heat Energy
Calculate signed ideal heat transfer from mass, an entered specific heat and a temperature change. Keep material energy separate from heater input and losses.
Use sensible heat energy →Boiler Efficiency Cost Scenario
Compare two output/input boiler efficiencies against the same useful-heat requirement and fuel-energy price.
Use boiler efficiency cost scenario →Compressed-Air Heat-Recovery Value
Cap entered recoverable compressor heat by coincident usable demand and value only that modeled useful heat.
Use compressed-air heat-recovery value →Compressed Air Leak Cost
Calculate the electricity cost of a measured compressed air leak in CFM or m³/min, using pressurized hours and matched compressor energy data.
Use compressed air leak cost →Compressed Air Unit Cost
Calculate electricity-only cost per m³ and measured kWh per m³ from total compressor electricity and total delivered air volume for the same period.
Use compressed air unit cost →Condensate Return Savings Scenario
Use reviewed return and makeup enthalpies to value a stated return mass, with an explicit makeup-water assumption.
Use condensate return savings scenario →Fuel Blend Energy Scenario
Sum two component heat contents on one matching mass or feed-volume basis and report a weighted input value.
Use fuel blend energy scenario →Steam Energy Cost
Value a stated steam mass using reviewed steam and feedwater enthalpies, a matching boiler efficiency and an entered fuel rate.
Use steam energy cost →Tank Fill & Drain Time
Calculate ideal inventory-change time from simultaneous constant inflow and outflow.
Use tank fill & drain time →Viscosity Unit Converter
Relate dynamic and kinematic viscosity using density supplied for the same fluid state.
Use viscosity unit converter →Boiler Blowdown Energy Scenario
Thermal energy above the makeup state is blowdown kilograms × (blowdown enthalpy − makeup enthalpy) ÷ 3,600, giving kWh from kJ.
Use boiler blowdown energy scenario →Ideal Flash Steam Fraction
Ideal flash mass fraction = (initial liquid enthalpy − final saturated-liquid enthalpy) ÷ (final saturated-vapor enthalpy − final saturated-liquid enthalpy).
Use ideal flash steam fraction →Heat Exchanger Thermal Duty
Signed heat removed in kW = mass flow in kg/s × enthalpy drop in kJ/kg.
Use heat exchanger thermal duty →Heat Exchanger LMTD
Counterflow terminal approaches are hot-in minus cold-out and hot-out minus cold-in.
Use heat exchanger lmtd →Heat Exchanger UA Scenario
Effective UA in kW/K = entered thermal duty in kW ÷ (applicable correction factor × reviewed LMTD in K).
Use heat exchanger ua scenario →Ideal Gas Volume Scenario
The ideal-gas equation is pV = nRT.
Use ideal gas volume scenario →Pipe Pressure-Drop Scenario
Convert diameter to metres and flow to m³/s.
Use pipe pressure-drop scenario →Process Heating Time Scenario
Net thermal power is entered available output minus the coincident loss input.
Use process heating time scenario →Process Steam Consumption Scenario
Usable kWh per kilogram = (steam inlet enthalpy − outlet condensate enthalpy) × transfer-effectiveness fraction ÷ 3,600.
Use process steam consumption scenario →Refinery Stated-Basis Yield Scenario
Main-product yield is main output divided by the explicitly entered qualifying input, multiplied by 100.
Use refinery stated-basis yield scenario →Reynolds Number
Dynamic-property mode uses Re = density × velocity × characteristic length ÷ dynamic viscosity.
Use reynolds number →Solution Dilution Arithmetic
On matching compatible mass-per-volume or molar concentration bases, stock concentration × stock volume = target concentration × final solution volume.
Use solution dilution arithmetic →Solution Mass Percentage
Mass percentage = solute mass ÷ total solution mass × 100.
Use solution mass percentage →Solution Molarity from Mass
Pure solute grams = entered bulk grams × purity fraction.
Use solution molarity from mass →Treatment Concentration & Mass Removal
Concentration reduction percent = (inlet − outlet concentration) ÷ inlet concentration × 100.
Use treatment concentration & mass removal →Before you use these calculations
Use the same constituent and analytical basis across streams.
Supply properties for the actual composition and temperature.
Reactions, phase changes and safe operating limits require separate analysis.
Start with the example, replace the assumptions with your measurements, then change one input to see its effect. Save or export the scenario if you need to keep its basis.
How Case calculators are built and checked →Read practical calculation guides or browse another industry.